Swiping, matching and bumbling during one's lunch break, while waiting for the train to arrive, or when going on vacation has become common practice. The dominance of digital dating in contemporary society cannot be denied. However, in recent years, it has also become increasingly clear that not everyone experiences the online sphere in the same way. Women of colour are continuously marginalised, which has implications for how they position themselves online and by proxy on dating apps too. The ways in which women of colour navigate this marginalisation impacts their way of being, becoming a self-surveyor of their own behaviour. Through a Foucauldian lens of self-surveillance, the research examines in what ways self-monitoring arises in the online dating behaviour of Dutch women of colour. This study focused on the Netherlands, because of its interesting racial dynamics that marginalise people from racial minority groups in specific ways. The dating app Bumble was chosen, as it is a self-proclaimed feminist dating app, which is reflected in the app's architecture and functionalities, hence it provides reason to examine whether this also affects the experiences of women of colour on the app and subsequently, their behaviour and dating practices. Through in-depth interviewing with twelve Dutch women of colour, a diverse, complex picture of how a wide range of structures intersect in the negotiation of their Bumble use was illustrated. Self-surveillance arose in various ways, but women also offered resistance and practices that subverted Dutch expectations. The affordance framework provided guidance in analysing the role of technological design in their behaviour, offering that especially visual dominance influences how women think about their self-presentation. Managing authentic impressions through control was an unexpected finding that showed how internalised strategic communication is vital in self-presentation, as these impressions are shaped by technological design and affordances, To a certain extent, it decreased self-disciplinary practices, as the women prioritised authenticity over adjusting themselves to align with Dutch hegemony. This study contributed to online dating research by focusing on the intersectional experiences of women of colour and their behaviour, emphasising the importance of researching meaning making for marginalised communities. It also illustrated the vast extent to which technology influences daily practices, including dating and in what ways it perpetuates systematic societal issues. Overall, the research calls into question what societal implications are regarding individuals' behaviours resulting from these communication technologies and how they impact relationships.

Amanda Paz Alencar
hdl.handle.net/2105/76603
Media, Culture & Society
Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication

Qi Lin Braat. (2025, October 10). "What do you even think about the fact that I am not Dutch?": A qualitative study into the self-surveillant behaviour of Dutch women of colour on the dating app Bumble. Media, Culture & Society. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2105/76603